A need has arisen to find digital architectural solutions to the RF functions. The frequency synthesizer is a key block used for frequency translation of radio signals and has been traditionally based on a charge pump phase-locked loop (PLL), which is not easily amenable to integration. Recently, a digitally -controlled oscillator (DCO), which deliberately avoids any analog tuning controls, was first presented for RF wireless applications. This allows for its loop control circuitry to be implemented in a fully digital manner as first proposed.
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