Micro-turbines are a relatively new distributed generation technology being used for stationary energy generation applications. Because of their small size, relatively low capital costs, expected low operations and maintenance costs, and automatic electronic control, microturbines are expected to hold a major share of the distributed generation market.
In addition, microturbines offer an efficient and clean solution to direct mechanical drive markets such as compression and air-conditioning. MTG’s are small, high speed power plants that usually include the turbine, compressor, generator and power electronics to deliver the power to the grid. Microturbines can be used for stand-by power, power quality and reliability, peak shaving, and co-generation applications.
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A mathematical model of a micro turbine generator system includes electro-mechanical sub-system, power electronic converter, filters, interface transformer, local load, distribution system, turbine-generator control and converter control.
Characteristics of Micro-Turbines
1. Distributed generation — stand-alone, on- site applications remote from power grids.
2. Quality power and reliability — reduced frequency variations, voltage transients, surges, dips, or other disruptions.
3. Stand-by power — used in the event of an outage, as a back-up to the electric grid.
4. Peak shaving — the use of micro turbines during times when electric use and demand charges are high.
5. Boost power — boost localized generation capacity and on more remote grids.
6. Low-cost energy—the use of micro turbines as base load or primary power that is less expensive to produce locally than it is to purchase from the electric utility.
7. Combined heat and power (cogeneration) - increases the efficiency of on-site power generation by using the waste heat for existing thermal process.
Microturbines are a simple type of gas turbine, usually featuring a radial compressor and turbine rotors and often using just one stage of each. They typically recover exhaust energy to preheat compressed inlet air, thereby increasing electrical efficiency compared with a simple-cycle machine. The air-to-air heat exchanger is termed a “recuperator,” and the entire system is typically called a recuperated cycle.
Most microturbines are comprised of a compressor, combustor, turbine, alternator, recuperator (a device that captures waste heat to improve the efficiency of the compressor stage), and generator.
This report includes classification of micro-turbines, characteristics of micro-turbines, construction of micro turbines, machine performance test, etc. Use this report for your reference and study only.
Author: Bibhu Prasad Ganthia
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